Found in shallow coastal waters, often near coral reefs and rocky areas.
Distribution
Widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea and parts of the Pacific Ocean.
Conservation status
Least Concern
Edibility
Do not eat. This species can contain potentially fatal tetrodotoxin, and toxicity may occur in multiple organs and tissues.
Danger level
Dangerous
Usual observation depth
1–30 m
Behaviour
Generally solitary and active during the day. It moves slowly over reefs while searching for food; if threatened, it can inflate its body with water or air to defend itself.
Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, particularly mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and corals; its powerful fused teeth are used to crush hard prey.
Reproduction
Oviparous
Identification marks
Very large, stout pufferfish, with a pale grey to whitish body covered in distinct black spots. The belly is generally lighter; the species has a blunt head, large eyes, small dorsal and anal fins set far back, and no pelvic fins. Juveniles are often yellowish with dark bands or spots.
Similar species
May be confused with other pufferfishes of the genus Arothron. Arothron hispidus is generally smaller and bears more numerous, finer dark spots; Arothron mappa has a network of maze-like dark lines rather than separate round spots. Confirm identification by the large size and broad, distinct black spots of adults.
Approach rules
Observe calmly from several meters away and do not corner, touch, pursue, or handle it. Never try to make it inflate. Avoid flash at close range and never feed it. Its bite can cause injury and its tissues may be toxic.
Protection
Globally assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Preserve reef habitat, avoid collection or disturbance, and comply with site-specific conservation regulations.
